Kev ua cov cellulose suav nrog ntau txoj hauv kev los rho tawm thiab kho nws los ntawm nws qhov chaw ntuj, feem ntau cov nroj tsuag. Cellulose, polysaccharide, tsim cov qauv ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab yog cov organic polymer ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws cov txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam xws li ntawv thiab textile mus rau zaub mov thiab tshuaj.
1. Cov khoom siv raw:
Cellulose feem ntau yog los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nrog ntoo thiab paj rwb yog qhov chaw tshaj plaws. Lwm qhov chaw muaj xws li hemp, flax, jute, thiab qee cov algae. Cov nroj tsuag sib txawv muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cellulose sib txawv, cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev rho tawm thiab kev ua haujlwm.
2. Pretreatment:
Ua ntej cellulose extraction, raw cov ntaub ntawv raug pretreatment kom tshem tawm cov non-cellulosic Cheebtsam xws li lignin, hemicellulose, thiab pectin. Cov kauj ruam no txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cellulose extraction. Pretreatment txoj kev muaj xws li kev sib tsoo tshuab, tshuaj kho mob (xws li, acid los yog alkali hydrolysis), thiab cov txheej txheem lom (xws li, enzymatic digestion).
3. Cellulose Extraction:
Thaum pretreated, cellulose yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov khoom cog. Muaj ntau txoj kev siv rau lub hom phiaj no:
Mechanical Methods: Cov txheej txheem siv tshuab suav nrog lub cev rhuav tshem cov khoom cog kom tso tawm cellulose fibers. Qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog kev sib tsoo, milling, lossis nias.
Kev Siv Tshuaj: Cov txheej txheem tshuaj muaj xws li kev kho cov khoom cog nrog cov tshuaj kom yaj lossis degrade cov khoom tsis yog cellulosic, tawm hauv qab cellulose. Acid hydrolysis thiab alkaline kev kho mob feem ntau yog siv tshuaj.
Txoj Kev Enzymatic: Cov txheej txheem Enzymatic siv cov cellulase enzymes los rhuav tshem cellulose rau hauv nws cov suab thaj. Cov txheej txheem no yog xaiv ntau dua thiab zoo ib puag ncig piv rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj.
4. Purification thiab Refinement:
Thaum muab rho tawm, cellulose tau ua kom huv thiab ua kom zoo kom tshem tawm impurities thiab ua tiav cov khoom xav tau. Qhov no yuav suav nrog kev ntxuav, pom, thiab centrifugation kom cais cov cellulose fibers los ntawm cov tshuaj seem lossis lwm yam khoom.
5. Formulation thiab ua:
Tom qab ua kom huv si, cellulose tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv ntau hom nyob ntawm nws daim ntawv thov. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj xws li:
Pulp: Cellulose pulp yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab cardboard kev lag luam. Nws tuaj yeem bleached kom ua tiav qib sib txawv ntawm qhov ci.
Fibers: Cellulose fibers yog siv nyob rau hauv textiles thiab khaub ncaws. Lawv tuaj yeem raug spun rau hauv xov paj thiab woven rau hauv fabrics.
Zaj duab xis thiab Membranes: Cellulose tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias lossis daim nyias nyias siv hauv ntim, siv biomedical, thiab pom.
Chemical Derivatives: Cellulose tuaj yeem hloov kho los tsim cov derivatives nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv suav nrog cellulose acetate (siv hauv cov duab thaij duab thiab textiles) thiab carboxymethyl cellulose (siv hauv cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj).
Nanocellulose: Nanocellulose yog hais txog cellulose fibers lossis crystals nrog nanoscale qhov ntev. Nws muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab siv ntau yam kev siv qib siab xws li nanocomposites, biomedical cov ntaub ntawv, thiab hluav taws xob.
6. Daim ntawv thov:
Cov txheej txheem cellulose pom ntau daim ntawv thov thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam:
Ntawv thiab Ntim: Cellulose yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov ntawv, duab los qhia, thiab cov khoom ntim.
Textiles: Paj rwb, ib qhov chaw ntawm cellulose, yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam textile rau khaub ncaws, tsev textiles, thiab industrial fabrics.
Khoom noj khoom haus thiab Pharmaceuticals: Cellulose derivatives yog siv los ua thickeners, stabilizers, thiab emulsifiers hauv cov khoom noj thiab cov tshuaj formulations.
Biomedical Applications: Cellulose-based cov ntaub ntawv yog siv rau hauv lub qhov txhab hnav, scaffolds rau cov ntaub so ntswg engineering, kev xa tshuaj, thiab kev kho mob cog.
Kev kho ib puag ncig: Cov khoom siv cellulose tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho ib puag ncig, xws li kev kho dej thiab ntxuav cov roj.
Lub zog tauj dua tshiab: Cellulose biomass tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv biofuels xws li ethanol los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li fermentation thiab enzymatic hydrolysis.
7. Kev xav txog ib puag ncig:
Kev ua cov cellulose muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, tshwj xeeb yog hais txog kev siv tshuaj thiab lub zog. Kev siv zog tab tom tsim los tsim cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm kom ruaj khov, xws li siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab, txo qis kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab siv cov voj kaw kaw rau cov dej thiab tshuaj rov ua dua tshiab.
8. Yav tom ntej Trends:
Cov tiam tom ntej hauv kev ua cov cellulose suav nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv qib siab nrog cov khoom zoo, xws li biodegradable plastics, ntse textiles, thiab nanocomposites. Kuj tseem muaj kev txaus siab ntxiv rau kev siv cellulose los ua ib qho kev hloov tshiab thiab ruaj khov rau cov ntaub ntawv fossil hauv ntau daim ntawv thov.
Kev ua cov cellulose suav nrog ntau cov kauj ruam, suav nrog kev rho tawm, purification, thiab formulation, los tsim ntau yam khoom siv nrog kev siv dav hauv kev lag luam. Kev siv zog los txhim kho txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab tsim cov khoom siv cellulose tshiab yog tsav kev nce qib hauv daim teb no, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau kev ruaj khov thiab lub luag haujlwm ib puag ncig.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-25-2024