Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv cog qoob loo, tab sis lawv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis, feem ntau muaj qab zib thiab tsis qab zib.
. Cov ntaub ntawv cog ntoo sib txawv muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm txhua qhov khoom. Cov hauv qab no luv luv qhia peb lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom siv cog qoob loo:
Cellulose ether, lignin thiab hemicellulose.
1.3 Lub hauv paus muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cog qoob loo
1.3.1.1 Cellulose
Cellulose yog macromolecular polysaccharide tsim los ntawm D-glucose nrog β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Nws yog qhov qub tshaj plaws thiab muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Ntuj polymer. Nws cov qauv tshuaj feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm Haworth structural formula thiab lub rooj zaum conformation structural formula, qhov twg n yog qib ntawm polysaccharide polymerization.
Cellulose Carbohydrate Xylan
arabinoxylan muaj
glucuronide xylan
glucuronide arabinoxylan yog tshuaj
glucomannan
Galactoglucomannan
arabinogalactan
Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, pectin thiab lwm cov suab thaj soluble
cov khoom uas tsis yog carbohydrate
lignin
Extract Lipids, Lignols, Nitrogenous Compounds, Inorganic Compounds
Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose
Terpenes, resin acids, fatty acids, sterols, aromatic compounds, tannins
cov khoom cog
1.4 Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cellulose
1.3.1.2 Lig
Lub hauv paus ntawm lignin yog phenylpropane, uas yog txuas nrog CC bonds thiab ether bonds.
hom polymer. Hauv cov qauv cog, txheej txheej intercellular muaj ntau tshaj lignin,
Cov ntsiab lus intracellular txo qis, tab sis cov ntsiab lus lignin nce nyob rau hauv txheej sab hauv ntawm phab ntsa theem nrab. Raws li cov tshuaj intercellular, lignin thiab hemifibrils
Ua ke lawv sau nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov fibers zoo ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, yog li ntxiv dag zog rau phab ntsa ntawm tes ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.
1.5 Lignin structural monomers, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane thiab coniferyl cawv
1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose
Tsis zoo li lignin, hemicellulose yog heteropolymer uas muaj ntau hom monosaccharides. Raws li cov no
Cov hom suab thaj thiab qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj acyl pawg tuaj yeem muab faib ua glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid)-xylan,
Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, thiab lwm yam.
Tsib caug feem pua ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntoo yog xylan, uas yog nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cellulose microfibrils thiab interconnected nrog cov fibers.
Lawv tsim ib lub network ntawm cov hlwb uas muaj kev sib txuas ntau dua rau ib leeg.
1.4 Lub hom phiaj tshawb fawb, qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub ncauj lus no
1.4.1 Lub hom phiaj thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb
Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog xaiv peb hom neeg sawv cev los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom ntawm qee cov khoom siv cog qoob loo.
Cellulose yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov khoom cog. Xaiv tus neeg sawv cev tsim nyog etherifying, thiab siv cov cellulose rho tawm los hloov cov paj rwb kom etherified thiab hloov los npaj fiber ntau.
Vitamin ether. Cov npaj cellulose ether tau siv rau reactive dye printing, thiab thaum kawg cov printing teebmeem tau muab piv rau kom paub ntau ntxiv.
Cellulose ethers rau reactive dye printing pastes.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ncauj lus no tau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev rov siv dua thiab ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug ntawm cov nroj tsuag raw khoom pov tseg rau qee yam.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj kev tshiab yog ntxiv rau qhov chaw ntawm cellulose. Thib ob, cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg dua sodium chloroacetate thiab 2-chloroethanol yog siv los ua etherifying agents,
Es tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom chloroacetic acid, cellulose ether tau npaj thiab siv rau paj rwb ntaub reactive dye printing paste, thiab sodium alginate.
Kev tshawb fawb txog kev hloov pauv muaj qee qhov kev taw qhia, thiab tseem muaj qhov tseem ceeb thiab siv tau zoo.
Fiber Phab ntsa Lignin Dissolved Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose
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1.4.2 Cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb
1.4.2.1 Extraction cellulose los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cog qoob loo
Ua ntej, cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv cog qoob loo raug ntsuas thiab tshuaj xyuas, thiab peb tus neeg sawv cev cog cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom raug xaiv los muab cov fiber ntau.
Cov vitamins. Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem ntawm extracting cellulose tau optimized los ntawm kev kho mob ntawm alkali thiab acid. Thaum kawg, UV
Absorption spectroscopy, FTIR thiab XRD tau siv los txheeb xyuas cov khoom.
1.4.2.2 Kev npaj ntawm cellulose ethers
Siv ntoo thuv ntoo cellulose ua raw khoom, nws tau pretreated nrog concentrated alkali, thiab tom qab ntawd cov kev sim orthogonal thiab ib qho kev sim tau siv,
Cov txheej txheem npaj ntawmCMC, HECthiab HECMC tau optimized raws li.
Cov cellulose ethers tau npaj tau ua los ntawm FTIR, H-NMR thiab XRD.
1.4.2.3 Daim ntawv thov ntawm cellulose ether muab tshuaj
Peb hom cellulose ethers thiab sodium alginate tau siv los ua thawj cov pastes, thiab cov txheej txheem muab tshuaj txhuam, cov dej tuav thiab cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom qub tau raug sim.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm plaub thawj pastes tau muab piv nrog rau cov khoom thiab kev ruaj ntseg cia.
Siv peb hom cellulose ethers thiab sodium alginate ua thawj muab tshuaj txhuam, teeb tsa cov xim luam ntawv, nqa tawm reactive dye printing, dhau lub rooj kuaj
Kev sib piv ntawm pebcellulose ethers thiab
Printing zog ntawm sodium alginate.
1.4.3 Cov ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb
(1) Hloov cov khoom pov tseg rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis, rho tawm cov cellulose siab ntshiab ntawm cov nroj tsuag pov tseg, uas ntxiv rau qhov chaw ntawm cellulose
Ib txoj hauv kev tshiab, thiab tib lub sijhawm, rau qee qhov, nws daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev rov qab siv cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg cog thiab ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug; thiab txhim kho cov fiber ntau
Txoj kev rho tawm.
(2) Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab qib ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cellulose etherifying agents, feem ntau siv cov tshuaj etherifying xws li chloroacetic acid (muaj tshuaj lom heev), ethylene oxide (ua rau
Cancer), thiab lwm yam muaj teeb meem ntau dua rau tib neeg lub cev thiab ib puag ncig. Hauv daim ntawv no, ntau tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig sodium chloroacetate thiab 2-chloroethanol yog siv los ua etherification agents.
Hloov chaw ntawm chloroacetic acid thiab ethylene oxide, cellulose ethers tau npaj. (3) Cov tau txais cellulose ether yog siv rau paj rwb ntaub reactive dye printing, uas muab ib lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm sodium alginate hloov.
xa mus rau.
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-25-2024