HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) wani nau'in polysaccharide polymer ne na gama gari wanda ake amfani dashi sosai a magani, abinci, masana'antar sinadarai da sauran fannoni. Halayen rushewarsa ɗaya ne daga cikin wurare masu zafi a cikin bincike da aikace-aikace.
1. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta da halayen solubility na HPMC
HPMC wani fili ne na polymer mai narkewa da ruwa wanda aka samu ta hanyar gyara etherification na cellulose. Naúrar tsarinta shine β-D-glucose, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar haɗin 1,4-glycosidic. Babban tsarin sarkar na HPMC an samo shi ne daga cellulose na halitta, amma wani ɓangare na rukunin hydroxyl ana maye gurbinsu da ƙungiyoyin methoxy (-OCH₃) da ƙungiyoyin hydroxypropyl (-CH₂CH (OH) CH₃), don haka yana nuna halayen rushewa daban-daban da na cellulose na halitta.
Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na HPMC yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan solubility. Matsayin maye gurbin (DS, Degree of Substitution) da maye gurbin molar (MS, Molar Substitution) na HPMC mahimman sigogi ne waɗanda ke ƙayyadaddun halayen solubility. Mafi girman matakin maye gurbin, yawancin ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl a cikin kwayoyin suna maye gurbinsu da hydrophobic methoxy ko ƙungiyoyin hydroxypropyl, wanda ke ƙara solubility na HPMC a cikin kaushi na kwayoyin halitta kuma yana rage solubility a cikin ruwa. Akasin haka, lokacin da matakin maye gurbin ya yi ƙasa, HPMC ya fi hydrophilic a cikin ruwa kuma adadin narkarwarsa yana da sauri.
2. Tsarin rushewar HPMC
Solubility na HPMC a cikin ruwa wani hadadden tsari ne na jiki da sinadarai, kuma tsarin narkarwarsa ya hada da matakai masu zuwa:
Matakin jika: Lokacin da HPMC ta shiga cikin hulɗa da ruwa, ƙwayoyin ruwa za su fara samar da fim ɗin hydration a saman HPMC don nannade barbashi na HPMC. A cikin wannan tsari, ƙwayoyin ruwa suna hulɗa tare da ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl da methoxy a cikin kwayoyin HPMC ta hanyar haɗin hydrogen, yana haifar da jikewa da kwayoyin HPMC a hankali.
Matakin kumburi: Tare da shigar ƙwayoyin ruwa, ƙwayoyin HPMC sun fara sha ruwa da kumbura, ƙarar yana ƙaruwa, kuma sassan kwayoyin suna kwance a hankali. Ƙarfin kumburin HPMC yana shafar nauyin kwayoyin sa da abubuwan maye. Mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta, tsawon lokacin kumburi; da karfi da hydrophilicity na maye gurbin, mafi girma digiri na kumburi.
Matakin rushewa: Lokacin da kwayoyin HPMC suka sha isasshen ruwa, sarƙoƙi na kwayoyin suna fara watsewa daga ɓangarorin kuma a hankali suna watse cikin maganin. Gudun wannan tsari yana shafar abubuwa kamar zazzabi, ƙimar motsawa da kaddarorin ƙarfi.
HPMC gabaɗaya yana nuna kyakyawar narkewa a cikin ruwa, musamman a zafin jiki. Duk da haka, yana da daraja a lura cewa lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa wani matakin, HPMC zai nuna wani abu na "thermal gel", wato, solubility yana raguwa yayin da yawan zafin jiki ya karu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda haɓakar motsi na kwayoyin ruwa a yanayin zafi mai zafi da haɓakar hulɗar hydrophobic tsakanin kwayoyin HPMC, wanda ke haifar da haɗin gwiwar intermolecular da samuwar tsarin gel.
3. Abubuwan da suka shafi solubility na HPMC
Solubility na HPMC yana shafar abubuwa da yawa, gami da kaddarorinsa na zahiri da sinadarai da yanayin waje. Manyan abubuwan sun hada da:
Digiri na maye: Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, nau'in da adadin masu maye gurbin na HPMC kai tsaye yana shafar narkewar sa. Yawancin masu maye gurbin, ƙananan ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic a cikin kwayoyin kuma mafi muni da solubility. Akasin haka, lokacin da aka sami raguwar abubuwan maye, ana haɓaka hydrophilicity na HPMC kuma mai narkewa ya fi kyau.
Nauyin kwayoyin halitta: Nauyin kwayoyin halitta na HPMC ya yi daidai da lokacin rushewar sa. Girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta, da sannu a hankali tsarin rushewa. Wannan shi ne saboda sarkar kwayoyin HPMC mai nauyin kwayoyin girma ya fi tsayi kuma kwayoyin sun fi hadewa sosai, yana da wuya ga kwayoyin ruwa su shiga, yana haifar da raguwar kumburi da raguwa.
Maganin zafin jiki: Zazzabi yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar solubility na HPMC. HPMC yana narkewa da sauri a ƙananan yanayin zafi, yayin da a yanayin zafi mafi girma zai iya samar da gel kuma yana rage narkewa. Saboda haka, HPMC yawanci ana shirya shi a cikin ruwa mai ƙarancin zafi don guje wa gelation a yanayin zafi.
Nau'in narkewa: HPMC ba kawai mai narkewa a cikin ruwa ba, amma kuma yana narkewa a cikin wasu kaushi na halitta, kamar ethanol, barasa isopropyl, da sauransu. Solubility a cikin kaushi na kwayoyin ya dogara da nau'in da rarraba abubuwan maye. A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, HPMC yana da ƙarancin narkewa a cikin kaushi na halitta, kuma ana buƙatar ƙara adadin ruwan da ya dace don taimakawa narkewa.
Ƙimar pH: HPMC yana da ƙayyadaddun haƙuri ga ƙimar pH na maganin, amma a ƙarƙashin matsananciyar acid da alkali yanayi, solubility na HPMC zai shafi. Gabaɗaya magana, HPMC yana da mafi kyawun solubility a cikin kewayon pH na 3 zuwa 11.
4. Aikace-aikacen HPMC a fannoni daban-daban
Solubility na HPMC yana sa ya zama mai amfani a fannoni da yawa:
Pharmaceutical filin: HPMC yawanci amfani da matsayin shafi kayan, adhesives da ci-release jamiái don Pharmaceutical Allunan. A cikin suturar miyagun ƙwayoyi, HPMC na iya samar da fim ɗin uniform don inganta kwanciyar hankali na miyagun ƙwayoyi; a cikin abubuwan da aka ɗorawa-saki, HPMC tana daidaita yawan sakin magungunan ta hanyar sarrafa adadin narkar da shi, ta yadda za a samu isar da magani mai dorewa.
Masana'antar abinci: A cikin abinci, ana amfani da HPMC azaman mai kauri, emulsifier da stabilizer. Saboda HPMC yana da kyakkyawan narkewar ruwa da kwanciyar hankali na zafi, yana iya samar da rubutu mai dacewa da dandano a cikin nau'ikan abinci. A lokaci guda, yanayin rashin ionic na HPMC yana hana shi amsawa tare da sauran kayan abinci na abinci kuma yana kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na jiki da sinadarai na abinci.
Masana'antar sinadarai ta yau da kullun: Ana yawan amfani da HPMC azaman mai kauri da emulsifier a cikin samfura kamar shamfu, kwandishan da kirim na fuska. Kyakkyawan narkewar sa a cikin ruwa da tasirin kauri yana ba shi damar samar da ingantaccen ƙwarewar amfani. Bugu da kari, HPMC na iya yin aiki tare da sauran kayan aiki masu aiki don haɓaka aikin samfur.
Kayan gini: A cikin masana'antar gine-gine, ana amfani da HPMC azaman mai kauri da mai riƙe ruwa a cikin turmi siminti, adhesives na tayal da sutura. HPMC na iya inganta aikin waɗannan kayan yadda ya kamata, ƙara lokacin amfani da su, da haɓaka juriyar fasa su.
A matsayin polymer abu tare da mai kyau solubility, HPMC ta rushe hali yana shafar da yawa dalilai, kamar kwayoyin tsarin, zafin jiki, pH darajar, da dai sauransu A daban-daban aikace-aikace filayen, da solubility na HPMC za a iya inganta ta daidaita wadannan dalilai saduwa daban-daban bukatun. Solubility na HPMC ba wai kawai yana ƙayyade aikinsa a cikin mafita mai ruwa ba, amma kuma yana shafar ayyukansa kai tsaye a cikin magunguna, abinci, sinadarai na yau da kullun da masana'antar gini.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-14-2024