Sarrafa cellulose ya ƙunshi hanyoyi daban-daban don cirewa da kuma tace shi daga tushensa na halitta, musamman tsire-tsire. Cellulose, wani polysaccharide, yana samar da tsarin tsarin bangon tantanin halitta a cikin tsire-tsire kuma shine mafi yawan polymer kwayoyin halitta a duniya. Sarrafa shi yana da mahimmanci a masana'antu tun daga takarda da yadi zuwa abinci da magunguna.
1. Samar da albarkatun kasa:
Cellulose yana samuwa ne da farko daga tsire-tsire, tare da itace da auduga sune tushen da aka fi sani. Sauran hanyoyin sun hada da hemp, flax, jute, da wasu algae. Tsire-tsire daban-daban suna da bambance-bambancen abun ciki na cellulose, suna shafar ingancin hakar da sarrafawa.
2. Magani:
Kafin hakar cellulose, ana shayar da albarkatun ƙasa don cire abubuwan da ba na cellulose ba kamar lignin, hemicellulose, da pectin. Wannan mataki yana haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar cellulose. Hanyoyin magani sun haɗa da niƙa na inji, maganin sinadarai (misali, acid ko alkali hydrolysis), da tsarin ilimin halitta (misali, narkewar enzymatic).
3. Ciwon Cellulose:
Da zarar an riga an yi shi, ana fitar da cellulose daga kayan shuka. Ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa don wannan dalili:
Hanyoyin Injini: Hanyoyin injina sun haɗa da lalata kayan shuka ta jiki don sakin filayen cellulose. Wannan na iya haɗawa da niƙa, niƙa, ko latsawa.
Hanyoyin sinadarai: Hanyoyin sinadarai sun haɗa da kula da kayan shuka tare da sinadarai don narke ko lalata abubuwan da ba na cellulose ba, barin bayan cellulose. Acid hydrolysis da alkaline jiyya yawanci amfani da sinadaran hanyoyin.
Hanyoyin Enzymatic: Hanyoyin enzymatic suna amfani da enzymes na cellulase don karya cellulose cikin abubuwan da ke cikin sukari. Wannan tsari ya fi zaɓaɓɓu kuma ya dace da muhalli idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin sinadarai.
4. Tsarkakewa da Gyara:
Da zarar an fitar da shi, cellulose yana fuskantar tsarkakewa da gyare-gyare don cire ƙazanta da cimma abubuwan da ake so. Wannan na iya haɗawa da wankewa, tacewa, da centrifugation don ware zaruruwan cellulose daga ragowar sinadarai ko wasu abubuwan da aka gyara.
5. Ƙirƙira da Gudanarwa:
Bayan tsarkakewa, ana iya sarrafa cellulose zuwa nau'i daban-daban dangane da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya. Siffofin gama gari sun haɗa da:
Pulp: Ana amfani da ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin masana'antar takarda da kwali. Ana iya yin bleached don cimma matakan haske daban-daban.
Fibers: Ana amfani da fiber na cellulose a cikin yadi da tufafi. Ana iya jujjuya su cikin yarn kuma a saka su cikin yadudduka.
Fina-finai da Membranes: Ana iya sarrafa cellulose zuwa fina-finai na bakin ciki ko membranes da aka yi amfani da su a cikin marufi, aikace-aikacen likitanci, da tacewa.
Abubuwan Sinadarai: Ana iya gyare-gyaren sinadarai na cellulose don samar da abubuwan da aka samu tare da takamaiman kaddarorin. Misalai sun haɗa da acetate cellulose (wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin fim ɗin hoto da yadi) da kuma carboxymethyl cellulose (amfani da kayan abinci da magunguna).
Nanocellulose: Nanocellulose yana nufin fibers cellulose ko lu'ulu'u masu girma na nanoscale. Yana da kaddarori na musamman kuma ana amfani da shi a aikace-aikace na ci gaba daban-daban kamar nanocomposites, kayan aikin likitanci, da na lantarki.
6. Aikace-aikace:
Cellulose da aka sarrafa yana samun aikace-aikace masu yawa a cikin masana'antu:
Takarda da Marufi: Cellulose shine mabuɗin albarkatun ƙasa wajen samar da takarda, kwali, da kayan tattarawa.
Tufafi: Auduga, tushen cellulose, ana amfani dashi sosai a masana'antar yadi don sutura, kayan gida, da masana'anta.
Abinci da Magunguna: Ana amfani da abubuwan da suka samo asali na Cellulose azaman masu kauri, masu daidaitawa, da emulsifiers a cikin samfuran abinci da ƙirar magunguna.
Aikace-aikacen Magungunan Halittu: Ana amfani da kayan tushen Cellulose a cikin suturar rauni, ɓangarorin injiniyan nama, tsarin isar da magunguna, da kuma dasa magunguna.
Gyaran Muhalli: Ana iya amfani da kayan da ke tushen Cellulose don dalilai na gyara muhalli, kamar maganin ruwa da tsaftace zubewar mai.
Makamashi Sabuntawa: Ana iya jujjuya halittun cellulose zuwa biofuels kamar ethanol ta hanyar matakai kamar fermentation da enzymatic hydrolysis.
7. La'akarin Muhalli:
Sarrafa cellulose yana da tasirin muhalli, musamman game da amfani da sinadarai da makamashi. Ana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin haɓaka hanyoyin sarrafawa masu ɗorewa, kamar yin amfani da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, rage yawan amfani da sinadarai, da aiwatar da tsarin rufaffiyar ruwa da sake amfani da sinadarai.
8. Yanayin Gaba:
Abubuwan da ke faruwa a nan gaba a cikin sarrafa cellulose sun haɗa da haɓaka kayan haɓakawa tare da ingantattun kaddarorin, kamar robobin da ba za a iya lalata su ba, yadi mai wayo, da nanocomposites. Hakanan ana samun karuwar sha'awar amfani da cellulose azaman madadin sabuntawa kuma mai dorewa ga kayan tushen burbushin a aikace-aikace daban-daban.
sarrafa cellulose ya ƙunshi matakai masu yawa, ciki har da hakar, tsarkakewa, da tsarawa, don samar da samfurori daban-daban tare da aikace-aikacen masana'antu da yawa. Ƙoƙarin inganta hanyoyin sarrafawa da haɓaka sabbin kayan tushen cellulose suna haifar da ci gaba a wannan fagen, tare da mai da hankali kan dorewa da alhakin muhalli.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-25-2024