Akwai nau'ikan albarkatun shuka iri-iri, amma ainihin abun da ke cikin su yana da ɗan bambanci, galibi ya ƙunshi sukari da waɗanda ba su da sukari.
. Daban-daban albarkatun shuka suna da abun ciki daban-daban na kowane bangare. Mai zuwa a taƙaice yana gabatar da manyan sassa uku na albarkatun shuka:
Cellulose etherlignin, hemicellulose da lignin.
1.3 Asalin abun da ke ciki na albarkatun shuka
1.3.1.1 Cellulose
Cellulose shine polysaccharide macromolecular wanda ya ƙunshi D-glucose tare da β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Ita ce mafi tsufa kuma mafi girma a duniya.
Halitta polymer. Tsarin sinadaran sa yawanci ana wakilta shi da dabarar tsarin Haworth da tsarin tsarin kujeru, inda n shine matakin polysaccharide polymerization.
Cellulose Carbohydrate Xylan
arabinoxylan
glucuronide xylan
glucuronide arabinoxylan
glucomannan
Galactoglucomannan
arabinogalactan
Sitaci, pectin da sauran soluble sugars
abubuwan da ba carbohydrate ba
lignin
Cire Lipids, Lignols, Nitrogenous Compounds, Inorganic Compounds
Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose
Terpenes, resin acid, m acid, sterols, aromatic mahadi, tannins
kayan shuka
1.4 Tsarin sinadaran cellulose
1.3.1.2 Lignin
Babban sashin lignin shine phenylpropane, wanda aka haɗa shi ta hanyar haɗin CC da ether bond.
nau'in polymer. A cikin tsarin shuka, Layer intercellular ya ƙunshi mafi yawan lignin,
Abun cikin salula ya ragu, amma abun ciki na lignin ya karu a cikin rufin ciki na bangon sakandare. Kamar yadda intercellular abu, lignin da hemifibrils
Tare suna cika tsakanin fitattun zaruruwa na bangon tantanin halitta, ta haka suna ƙarfafa bangon tantanin halitta na ƙwayar shuka.
1.5 Lignin tsarin monomers, domin: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane da coniferyl barasa.
1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose
Ba kamar lignin ba, hemicellulose heteropolymer ne wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan monosaccharides daban-daban. A cewar wadannan
Nau'in sukari da kasancewar ko rashin ƙungiyoyin acyl za a iya raba su zuwa glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid) -xylan,
Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, da dai sauransu a,
Kashi 50 cikin 100 na nama na itace shine xylan, wanda ke kan saman microfibrils cellulose kuma yana haɗuwa da zaruruwa.
Suna samar da hanyar sadarwa na sel waɗanda ke da alaƙa da juna sosai.
1.4 Manufar bincike, mahimmanci da babban abun ciki na wannan batu
1.4.1 Manufa da muhimmancin binciken
Manufar wannan binciken ita ce zabar nau'ikan wakilai guda uku ta hanyar nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin wasu albarkatun shuka.
Ana fitar da cellulose daga kayan shuka. Zaɓi wakili mai ƙyalli da ya dace, kuma yi amfani da cellulose da aka cire don maye gurbin auduga da za a gyaggyara kuma a gyara don shirya fiber.
Vitamin ether. An yi amfani da ether ɗin cellulose da aka shirya don buga fenti mai amsawa, kuma a ƙarshe an kwatanta tasirin bugu don neman ƙarin bayani.
Cellulose ethers ga mai amsa rini bugu pastes.
Da farko dai, binciken wannan batu ya warware matsalar sake amfani da gurbatar muhalli na sharar albarkatun shuka zuwa wani matsayi.
A lokaci guda kuma, an ƙara sabuwar hanyar zuwa tushen cellulose. Abu na biyu, ƙarancin sodium chloroacetate mai guba da 2-chloroethanol ana amfani dashi azaman abubuwan haɓakawa.
Maimakon chloroacetic acid mai guba sosai, an shirya ether cellulose kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin masana'anta na auduga mai amsa rini bugu, da sodium alginate.
Bincike kan madogara yana da ƙayyadaddun jagora, kuma yana da babban mahimmancin aiki da ƙimar tunani.
Fiber Wall Lignin Narkar da Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose
9
1.4.2 Abubuwan bincike
1.4.2.1 Cire cellulose daga albarkatun shuka
Da fari dai, ana auna abubuwan da suka shafi albarkatun shuka da kuma tantance su, kuma an zaɓi albarkatun shuka uku masu wakiltar don cire fiber.
Vitamins. Sa'an nan kuma, an inganta tsarin cire cellulose ta hanyar ingantaccen magani na alkali da acid. A ƙarshe, UV
An yi amfani da spectroscopy na sha, FTIR da XRD don daidaita samfuran.
1.4.2.2 Shiri na ethers cellulose
Amfani da Pine itace cellulose a matsayin albarkatun kasa, an pretreated da mayar da hankali alkali, sa'an nan da orthogonal gwaji da kuma guda factor gwaji da aka yi amfani da.
A shirye-shiryen matakai naCMC, HECda HECMC an inganta su bi da bi.
Abubuwan ethers na cellulose da aka shirya sun kasance suna da FTIR, H-NMR da XRD.
1.4.2.3 Aikace-aikace na cellulose ether manna
An yi amfani da nau'ikan ethers na cellulose guda uku da sodium alginate a matsayin manna na asali, kuma an gwada adadin samuwar manna, ƙarfin riƙe ruwa da daidaitawar sinadarai na ainihin manna.
An kwatanta ainihin kaddarorin abubuwan manna guda huɗu na asali dangane da kaddarorin da kwanciyar hankali na ajiya.
Yin amfani da nau'ikan ethers na cellulose guda uku da sodium alginate azaman manna na asali, saita manna launi na bugu, aiwatar da bugu na rini mai amsawa, wuce teburin gwaji.
Kwatanta ukucellulose ethers kuma
Abubuwan bugu na sodium alginate.
1.4.3 Abubuwan ƙirƙira na bincike
(1) Mai da sharar gida ta zama taska, fitar da sinadari mai tsafta daga sharar shuka, wanda ke kara samun tushen cellulose.
Sabuwar hanya, kuma a lokaci guda, zuwa wani matsayi, yana magance matsalar sake amfani da albarkatun shuka da kuma gurbatar muhalli; kuma yana inganta fiber
Hanyar cirewa.
(2) Nunawa da digiri na maye gurbin jami'o'in etherifying cellulose, da aka saba amfani da su etherifying jamiái irin su chloroacetic acid (mai guba mai guba), ethylene oxide (hanawa).
Ciwon daji), da sauransu sun fi cutar da jikin mutum da muhalli. A cikin wannan takarda, ana amfani da mafi kyawun mahalli sodium chloroacetate da 2-chloroethanol azaman abubuwan etherification.
Maimakon chloroacetic acid da ethylene oxide, an shirya ethers cellulose. (3) Ana amfani da ether ɗin cellulose da aka samu akan masana'anta na auduga bugu mai amsa rini, wanda ke ba da takamaiman tushe don binciken abubuwan maye gurbin sodium alginate.
koma zuwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-25-2024