Hanyoyin sinadaran a cikin fermentation na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)wani fili ne na polymer mai narkewa da ruwa wanda aka saba amfani dashi a fagen masana'antu da na likitanci, kuma yana da ƙimar aikace-aikacen da yawa, kamar a cikin sakin sarrafa magunguna, sarrafa abinci da kayan gini. Abubuwan halayen sunadarai a cikin tsarin fermentation suna da alaƙa da lalacewa da gyare-gyaren cellulose da ayyukan rayuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta. Don ƙarin fahimtar halayen sunadarai na HPMC a cikin tsarin fermentation, da farko muna buƙatar fahimtar tsarin sa na asali da tsarin lalata cellulose.

1. Tsarin asali da kaddarorin hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

HPMC wani abu ne da aka samu ta hanyar gyare-gyaren sinadarai na cellulose na halitta (Cellulose). Kashin bayan sarkar kwayoyin halittarsa ​​shine kwayoyin glucose (C6H12O6) da ke hade da β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Cellulose kanta yana da wuyar narkewa cikin ruwa, amma ta hanyar gabatar da ƙungiyoyin methyl (-OCH3) da hydroxypropyl (-C3H7OH), za'a iya inganta narkewar ruwansa sosai don samar da polymer mai narkewa. Tsarin gyare-gyare na HPMC gabaɗaya ya haɗa da amsawar cellulose tare da methyl chloride (CH3Cl) da barasa propylene (C3H6O) a ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline, kuma samfurin da aka samu yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da solubility.

2. Chemical halayen a lokacin fermentation

Tsarin fermentation na HPMC yawanci ya dogara ne akan aikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda ke amfani da HPMC azaman tushen carbon da tushen gina jiki. Tsarin fermentation na HPMC ya haɗa da manyan matakai masu zuwa:

2.1. Lalacewar HPMC

Ita kanta Cellulose tana kunshe da raka'o'in glucose da aka haɗa, kuma HPMC za ta ƙasƙanta da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta yayin aikin fermentation, da farko bazuwa zuwa ƙananan sukari masu amfani (kamar glucose, xylose, da sauransu). Wannan tsari yawanci ya ƙunshi aikin enzymes masu lalata cellulose da yawa. Babban halayen lalata sun haɗa da:

Cellulose hydrolysis dauki: β-1,4 glycosidic bond a cikin cellulose kwayoyin za a karya ta cellulose hydrolases (kamar cellulase, endocellulase), samar da guntu sugar sarƙoƙi (kamar oligosaccharides, disaccharides, da dai sauransu). Wadannan sugars za a kara metabolized da kuma amfani da microorganisms.

Hydrolysis da lalacewa na HPMC: Matsalolin methyl da hydroxypropyl a cikin kwayoyin HPMC za a cire su ta hanyar hydrolysis. Har yanzu ba a fahimci takamaiman tsarin da ake yi na maganin hydrolysis ba, amma ana iya hasashe cewa a cikin yanayin fermentation, halayen hydrolysis yana haɓaka ta hanyar enzymes da ƙwayoyin cuta suka ɓoye (kamar hydroxyl esterase). Wannan tsari yana haifar da karyewar sarƙoƙin ƙwayoyin cuta na HPMC da kuma kawar da ƙungiyoyi masu aiki, a ƙarshe suna samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin sukari.

2.2. Maganganun ƙwayoyin cuta na rayuwa

Da zarar an lalatar da HPMC zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin sukari, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna iya juyar da waɗannan sugars zuwa makamashi ta hanyar halayen enzymatic. Musamman, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna lalata glucose zuwa ethanol, lactic acid ko wasu metabolites ta hanyoyin fermentation. Daban-daban ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haɓaka samfuran lalata HPMC ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Hanyoyi na rayuwa gama gari sun haɗa da:

Hanyar Glycolysis: Glucose yana bazuwa zuwa pyruvate ta hanyar enzymes kuma yana ƙara zama makamashi (ATP) da metabolites (kamar lactic acid, ethanol, da dai sauransu).

Ƙirƙirar samfurin fermentation: A ƙarƙashin yanayin anaerobic ko hypoxic, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna canza glucose ko samfuran lalacewa zuwa kwayoyin acid kamar ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, da dai sauransu ta hanyoyin fermentation, waɗanda ake amfani dasu sosai a cikin hanyoyin masana'antu daban-daban.

2.3. Redox dauki

A yayin aiwatar da fermentation na HPMC, wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya ƙara canza samfuran tsaka-tsaki ta hanyar halayen redox. Misali, tsarin samar da ethanol yana tare da halayen redox, glucose yana oxidized don samar da pyruvate, sannan pyruvate ya canza zuwa ethanol ta hanyar rage halayen. Wadannan halayen suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye ma'auni na rayuwa na sel.

3. Abubuwan sarrafawa a cikin tsarin fermentation

A lokacin aiwatar da fermentation na HPMC, abubuwan muhalli suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan halayen sinadaran. Alal misali, pH, zafin jiki, narkar da oxygen abun ciki, na gina jiki tushen maida hankali, da dai sauransu zai shafi na rayuwa kudi na microorganisms da kuma irin kayayyakin. Musamman zafin jiki da pH, da aiki na microbial enzymes iya bambanta muhimmanci a karkashin daban-daban zafin jiki da kuma pH yanayi, don haka wajibi ne don daidai sarrafa fermentation yanayi don tabbatar da lalacewa na HPMC da santsi ci gaba na rayuwa tsari na microorganisms.

A fermentation tsari naHPMCya ƙunshi hadaddun halayen sunadarai, gami da hydrolysis na cellulose, lalatawar HPMC, metabolism na sukari, da ƙirƙirar samfuran fermentation. Fahimtar waɗannan halayen ba wai kawai yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka tsarin fermentation na HPMC ba, amma kuma yana ba da tallafi na ka'idar don samar da masana'antu masu alaƙa. Tare da zurfafa bincike, mafi inganci da hanyoyin fermentation na tattalin arziƙi na iya haɓaka a nan gaba don haɓaka ƙimar haɓakar HPMC da yawan amfanin ƙasa, da haɓaka aikace-aikacen HPMC a cikin biotransformation, kare muhalli da sauran fannoni.